上海地铁杨浦线黄兴路站深基坑施工

针对上海地铁黄兴路车站所在地区土体流变及环保要求高等特点,在其深基坑施工中运用时空效应原理,达到了环保、安全、经济的目的。本文主要介绍基坑支撑设计、考虑时空效应的基坑支护开挖设计思想及其技术细节。     

日污水流量序列的分形特征研究

为定量描述污水流量的变化特性，并获得污水管网非恒定流模拟精度要求的节点流量过程线，结合某污水处理厂的日进水流量记录应用分形理论对污水流量序列的分形特征进行了研究。结果表明：整个日流量序列存在分形特征，而分时期流量序列的分形特征则尚需进一步证实；对于整个流量序列，随着滞时的增加则关联维数逐渐增大，饱和时的关联维数为1．0466；当滞时T=1d时，分时期流量序列的关联维数比整个流量序列的关联维数大；整个流量序列的盒维数为1．7973，春、夏、秋和冬季流量序列的盒维数分别为1．5936、1．4259、1．5558和1．1372，即分时期流量序列的盒维数比整个流量序列的盒维数小。     

理性与感性的融合——浙江舟山新城中学规划设计

新城中学是一所省级重点中学的迁建项目.通过介绍这一项目的立意和方案设计过程,为当前时代背景下创造中学校园特色空间提供思路与理念.     

关于螺栓组拧紧顺序的探讨

螺栓组的拧紧顺序有一些公认的规则 ,从被连接件的不同误差情况入手 ,分析了这些规则的正确性和不足之处 ,提出了如何提高装配质量 ,特别是改善密封性的方法和思路。     

建筑的轴

本文通过探讨轴线在城市设计、建筑设计中的意义及其所影响的设计过程,并探讨未来轴线模式可能的发展。     

Characteristics of and selection criteria for support materials for cell immobilization in wastewater treatment

For treatment of wastewater with immobilized cells, support materials need to meet the following criteria: insoluble, not biodegradable, high mechanical stability, high diffusivity, simple immobilization procedure, high biomass retention, minimal attachment of other organisms and preferably a low cost price. In order to compare which support materials are the most suitable, characteristics of several natural and synthetic materials have been determined. For this, both literature and experimental data were used. The immobilization procedures of natural gel materials, like alginate and carrageenan, are mild and cells grow well in these supports. Furthermore, the effective diffusion coefficients of substrates are close to those in water. These supports, however, appeared to be soluble, biodegradable and liable to abrasion. Synthetic gels, on the contrary, have better mechanical properties, but mostly lower substrate diffusion coefficients. Immobilization conditions are less mild resulting in low biomass retention. For application of entrapped nitrifying cells in wastewater-treatment systems synthetic gels, however, are promising.     

EXAFS speciation and phytoavailability of Pb in a contaminated soil amended with compost and gypsum

Due to unregulated uses of lead pellets for hunting purposes in Japan, soils and sediments in some river basins and wetlands have become highly contaminated with Pb. Deterioration of natural vegetation has occurred sporadically in these areas, and therefore revegetation is needed for ecological restoration. The objectives of the present study were to assess the effects of surface applications of compost and gypsum amendments on Pb availability to a watercress plant (Nasturtium officinale W.T. Aiton) and molecular-scale speciation of Pb in soil solid phases. The compost and gypsum amendments significantly decreased dissolved Pb and Sb in pore water. The concentration of Pb in aboveground plant tissues was 190 mg kg^− 1 in the control soil and was reduced to < 20 mg kg^− 1 in the compost and gypsum-amended soils. The concentration of Sb in plants grown in the control soil was 13 mg kg^− 1, whereas that in the soils receiving compost and gypsum decreased below detectable levels. Redox potential was higher in vegetated soils (ave. 349 mV) than in the unvegetated soils (ave. 99 mV) due to oxygen introduced by plant roots. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy illustrated that Pb occurred as Pb sorbed on birnessite and/or ferrihydrite (Pb-Mn/Fe, ~ 60%) and Pb sorbed on organic matter (Pb-org, ~ 15%), and galena (PbS, ~ 10%) in the vegetated and unvegetated control soils. The compost amendment increased the proportion of Pb-org by 2-fold than in the control soils. The amended soils with plant growth decreased the proportion of Pb-Mn/Fe phases by half of that without plant growth. Galena and anglesite (PbSO₄) were not detected in compost-amended soils and even in gypsum-amended soils since a significant soil reduction to anoxic levels did not occur in the entire soil. The present study indicated that, under flooded conditions, surface applications of compost and gypsum amendments reduced plant Pb uptake from the Pb contaminated soil.     

逆作法施工基坑对周围建筑沉降影响的工程实例分析

兴业大厦工程位于上海市中心繁华地段,其基坑施工环境十分复杂,采用逆作法施工。介绍了兴业大厦施工期间周围建筑的监测情况,分析了基坑施工对周围建筑的影响,重点探讨了基坑施工时周围建筑沉降变形监测的控制指标。     

竖向应力作用下GCL的膨胀特性和渗透性能

近年来,土工织物膨润土垫(GCL)被越来越多地应用到各种防渗工程之中,它的防渗有效性也成为了设计人员和研究人员所关注的焦点。GCL的防渗有效性包括渗透性能、吸附能力和内部剪切强度三个方面。通过水化膨胀试验和渗透试验研究了GCL在竖向应力作用下的膨胀特性和渗透性能,并分析了正应力和加压水化顺序的影响。试验结果表明:(1)随着竖向应力的增大,GCL的膨胀量不断减小,而GCL的渗透系数则出现先减小后略有增大的规律;(2)水化加压顺序对GCL的膨胀量和渗透系数均有影响;(3)在实际工程应用中,GCL铺设完成后在堆载之前最好完全水化,这样能够大大提高GCL的防渗有效性。     

Time-dependent analysis of RC frame structures considering construction sequences

This paper deals with a time-dependent analysis of reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures considering the construction sequences. Because of the non-mechanical deformations induced by the time-dependent deformations of concrete, concrete structures usually present different behaviors when the construction sequences are changed, despite having the same structural configurations. Therefore, the time-dependent effects of concrete such as creep and shrinkage must be taken into consideration to simulate the actual behavior of RC frame structures. The material nonlinearity including the cracking of concrete is taken into consideration, and geometric nonlinearity due to the P-Δ$\mathrm{\Delta }$ effect is also taken into account by using the initial stress matrix. In addition, the creep deformation of concrete is described in accordance with a first-order algorithm based on the expansion of a degenerated kernel of the compliance function. Finally, correlation studies with previous numerical results and experimental data are conducted to verify the validity of the proposed model. An analysis of a 10-story RC frame structure is carried out to assess the differences in structural responses according to the construction sequences.